Wednesday, October 31, 2012

KILL THE FILL

The recent waste management crisis in Bangalore has raised a lot of eyebrows and suddenly everybody seems to be panicking. The reason this story needs to be told is because most of our urban cities are heading towards this crisis. It all started when the villagers near one of the landfill started to protest and stopped the garbage trucks from entering their village. BBMP’s efforts to lure them with extra tax and development failed and the protests spread in villages around other landfills. All this happened in a span of less than two months and a notification was finally passed to ensure mandatory segregation of waste at source.

Some of us have been working closely with the govt. on the issue and the industries, NGOs, citizens are all out there to help the govt. in solving this. We all realize that it’s a collective responsibility. However, one month into the new rule, things have started falling apart and there is a complete failure in governance. According to the plan, wet and dry garbage was supposed to be collected separately. Wet waste had to be sent to biogas/composting plants and dry waste was supposed to be handled in collection centres in all wards. But on ground not much is happening. We have piles of garbage lying on the roads and the western media has also started to make noise about this. The articles in New York and Seattle Times have reminded us that the world is watching.

Couple of days back, I was shocked to know that BBMP have started illegally dumping garbage in Bettadasanapura, a village just on the periphery of Electronic city. Hundreds of trucks filled with garbage from Bangalore were being dumped every day and protests from villagers and resident associations in ecity couldn’t do much as the garbage was being dumped under heavy police presence. Electronic city Industries association decided to join the protest and on 30th Oct and we sent out a mailer to employees of Bangalore DC asking to join the protest. Soon after that, I received several mails asking us why we are pressuring BBMP instead of helping them. We are pressuring BBMP not to go back to the unscientific methods for the below reasons.

The newly identified landfill is in middle of the village and there are 8 schools around it. The stink is unbearable and villagers have already started complaining about diseases like Dengue. It is extremely unfair for us to dump our waste in their village. Imagine your neighbor dumping their garbage in your backyard daily or imagine you going back to school after a vacation to find out that there are heaps of garbage stacked up next to your classroom. This is exactly what is happening here. The issue is not about landfilling in ecity, it’s about the very idea of landfilling. There are hundreds of solutions available to treat waste and land filling is definitely not a sustainable solution. Segregating waste at the source is the only way we can achieve sustainable waste management and it is important that all of us start practicing it. This has worked for many Indian cities like Surat, Pune, Ahmedabad, etc and they are moving towards zero waste-to-landfill zones. We have an opportunity to make this happen and can’t give up at this stage and go back to landfilling.

Over the past couple of months, I have observed that segregating at source isn’t the problem. People are more than willing to do it and the Pourakarmikas who collect the waste are well trained and are knowledgeable enough to differentiate between wet and dry garbage. Try talking to them and you’ll realize that they are instructed to dump the garbage in a single truck. The problem lies somewhere between the grassroot and the top level and there is something fishy here. Transportation of garbage to the land fill and even managing land fill is a business worth hundreds of crores. Probably there are elements operating to ensure the segregation process becomes a failure. I don’t know but things like these make my belief stronger that there is a mafia operating in the system.

On the hand, a notification has been passed and citizens have been asked to dispose dry garbage only on Saturdays but we don’t see that everywhere. Solutions to this problem are simple. Let’s us try handling waste locally and change this habit of transporting our waste elsewhere.

We have spoken enough about the issue. While we need to keep the discussions on, it’s time we started doing things. Handle wastes locally. There are hundreds of people in the city who have been composting or producing biogas from wet waste. Let’s learn from each other and start implementing practices.

At Infosys, we have taken a zero-waste goal to will ensure all the organic waste such as food, garden and sludge are handled in our campuses either by setting up biogas plants or by composting. Other category of waste will be handled either in our campuses or will be given to authorized vendors and we’ll make sure that none of our waste end up in landfills. I can assure you that we’ll lead by example and demonstrate this to world soon and also look out for the transformation in electronic city. There are many inspiring stories in Bangalore itself. Malleswaram is a very good example for this. We can’t give up after coming so far. Let’s save Bangalore!

P.S.: Just remember: If you didn’t segregate your waste today, then you are the problem your city is trying to address.

Next time, I’ll write in detail about the technical solutions. Let me know your thoughts.

Photo courtesy: Sindhuja P

Sunday, September 9, 2012

Visit to Goraj – The Sustainable ashram

Solar thermal - Parabolic reflectors
I had heard a lot about the sustainability story of this place in Gujrat from one of my mentors at work. After planning for  weeks, I and my colleagues finally managed to block the calendars of Vikram and Deepak who are the men behind Muni Seva Ashram. The word ‘Ashram’ is usually associated with religion but this place has no such associations.
Cancer hospital
Three of us from Infosys landed in Baroda on the evening of Sep 2nd and then hired a cab to Goraj, which is an hour drive from Baroda airport. We checked into our air conditioned rooms and I almost forgot that I was in a remote village in India. We met Vikram and Deepak in the meeting room and they started briefing us about the projects implemented in the ashram.This place has electricity 24X7 and is powered mainly by Solar and biomass.  Solar lighting, heating, air conditioning, cooking; biogas, biomass gascification, cyclotron, plasma pyrolysis, water treatment plants, organic farming in a 700 acre field, residential school, state of the art cancer hospital where treatment is affordable to people even from the rural villages, home for the mentally challenged, Senior citizens, Orphanage, Nursing college, animal house, biogas bottling plant are some of the projects and the list goes on. Deepak brought solar thermal technology to India way back in the 80’s and it is widely used in the ashram. The best part of the whole concept is that they have not only achieved environmental sustainability, but also significantly impact the social and economic dimensions. They are 70% economically sustainable and I feel this is an incredible achievement.

Although they are supported by donations, this is no charity stuff. Vikram happens to be a doctor by profession, but is also the mastermind behind most of the engineering projects here and is a passionate farmer. Deepak left Germany and came back to India and his work here will definitely inspire generations to come. Over the next two days, we visited their project sites and had extensive debates and discussions regarding various case studies, models, technologies mainly concerned with rural areas. For me personally, this visit was enlightening.



Biogas bottling plant


My area of interest is biomass energy recovery and I visited a CBG (biogas bottling) plant for the first time here. I spent most of my time here learning the practical knowledge of biomass gasification, bottling, advanced waste management solutions such as pyrolysis, etc. We visited many biogas plants and composting units and this tour has strengthened my belief that biomass is the future of energy sustainability.
Biogas plant
The residential school which they have built is located in a hundred acre farm where only organic method of cultivation is practiced. Huge parabolic reflectors are installed on the terrace of the building and the heat is used for cooking and boiling water.
Thick biomass, twigs and other hard woody materials are gasified and cow dung from livestock goes into the biogas plant.
Another interesting innovation which I came across in their kitchen was the solar cooker. Unlike, the conventional solar cooker which uses, water/steam as a source of thermic fluid, they use a specially imported edible oil which is used for heat transfer in the cooker and is a closed-loop system.


They have also built the world’s first Solar crematorium and have managed to convince people to use the service.
Solar crematorium


Solar air conditioning and VAM are the two main technologies used in cooling. The buildings are designed to incorporate natural ventilation and day lighting. Water recycling is 100 percent – They have a Sewage treatment plant in the campus and water recharging is done across their farms.
This place is a transformation and if you ever go to Gujrat, do visit Goraj and meet these men. It’s a remarkable story of Sustainability and if we can replicate this model in our cities and villages, the entire country can achieve resource sufficiency.